Vessel biofouling as an inadvertent vector of benthic invertebrates occurring in Brazil     

Farrapeira CM  Tenório Dde O  Amaral FD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(4):832-839

This article reviews the literature involving benthic invertebrates that are cited in association with hull fouling, reporting the species that occur on the Brazilian coast and evaluating the importance of this vector for the introduction of nonindigenous and cryptogenic invertebrates in Brazil. It discusses some of the strategies that were used by the species that allowed for their overseas transport and made it easier to cross natural barriers that otherwise would have been obstacles to their dispersion. The compiled data list 343 species (65% nonindigenous and 35% cryptogenic), mainly from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. The traveling fauna, composed mostly of cosmopolitan species (70.3%), is primarily euryhaline and marine stenohaline, with sessile and sedentary habits. After delineating the shipborne species’ ecological profiles and traveling strategies and evaluating their overlapping vectors, we concluded that hull vessels were the main vector of introduction to the Brazilian coast for 89.8% of the compiled species.  相似文献   

华北地区上古生界煤系有机质热演化与二次生烃探讨   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

郑礼全  李贤庆等 《中国煤田地质》2001,13(4):16-19

根据实测和收集整理华北地区各区块约2000余个镜质组反射率Ro的分析数据,结合前人研究成果,较为系统地阐述了华北地区上古生界煤系有机质的热演化特征与成烃演化阶段性,探讨了其二次生烃条件,初步确定了华北地区二次生烃的分布范围。  相似文献   

银河年和地质年代表     

舒见闻 《湖南地质》1991,10(2):171-176

根据地洼学说关于地壳演化的新理论,将地球置于银河系各级引力场研究,发现银河年与地球绕日运行周期(年)有许多相似之处,后者控制了地球上短期的生物兴衰和四季交替,前者是引起地球上长期冷热变化,导致全球的生物质变进化、冰川活动及海侵海退等循银河年周期发生的根本原因。银河年是建立理想地质年代表的基础,每一个银河年就是一个代。依目前天文观测及全球生物质变进化和冰期资料来看,银河年时距以260 Ma为宜。本文据此提出了一个新的地质年代表。  相似文献   

从生物演化看可持续发展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

殷鸿福 《现代地质》2000,14(3):363-365

人口、资源、环境的危机使现代地球系统进入了一个新的突变期 ,生物多样性、地球演化、人类前途均已到了一个转折关头。有理智的人类应当为了自身的长期整体利益而自觉地约束自己 ,要全面进化而不要走上统治—特化—衰亡的道路 ,要与自然协调进化而不要走上毁灭生物—毁灭地球—毁灭自己的道路。  相似文献   

冀东兴隆-宽城地区硫铁矿床中黄铁矿叠层石的生物成矿作用     

夏学惠  刘昌涛  李钟模  闫飞 《矿床地质》2000,19(1):61-67

通过对冀东兴隆－宽城地区多金属硫铁矿订中贡铁矿叠层石有机地球化学及生物标志化合物的研究。发现这些叠层石中ｎＣ１５－ｎＣ２５规则类异戊二稀烷烃含量丰富,植烷（Ｐｈ）、姥鲛烷（Ｐｒ）含量较高．饱和烃／芳烃之比为１．２～１．９,有机质类型属低等生物为主的腐泥型,有机成熟度较高。研究结果表明黄铁矿叠层石是原生藻沉积构造。它们是在较封闭还原环境中,海底热水喷口附近嗜热藻细菌大量繁殖,并对喷气作用带来的成矿物  相似文献   

生物标志化合物碳同位素地球化学研究的几个相关问题   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

段毅  马兰华 《地球科学进展》1996,11(4):356-361

生物标志化合物稳定碳同位素地球化学是８０年代末期新兴的研究领域。单个生物标志化合物碳同位素组成的成因解释是该领域至关重要的问题。本文综合讨论了与此有关的生物合成过程中脂类化合物碳同位素变化、细菌生物合成过程中碳同位素分馏及其脂类化合物碳同位素组成特征，从而为我国的生物标志化合物碳同位素地球化学研究提供了新的理论依据  相似文献   

Effect of Fouling Organisms on Food Uptake and Nutrient Release of Scallop （Chlamys nobilis, Reeve） Cultured in Daya Bay     

Su Zhenxia  Xiao Hui  Yan Yan  Huang Liangmin 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,7(1):93-96

Biofouling is an important factor that affects the bivalve farming industry. Fouling organisms may reduce growth and survival rate of the cultured species. Fouler are often filter feeders, so they are potential competitors for food resource with the cultured species. The present study was conducted to measure the impact of fouling on food uptake and nutrient release in April and June, 2006 in Daya Bay near Guangzhou, China. Results showed that fouling organisms had significant effect on food uptake and nutrient release. The chlorophyll a uptake rate of fouled scallops was 7.53Lh-1±1.416Lh-1 and 11.94Lh-1±2.497Lh-1 in April and June, respectively, significantly higher than those of cleaned scallops, i.e., 4.23 Lh-1 ±2.744Lh-1 and 2.57Lh-1± 1.832 Lh-1 respectively.The consumption of total particulate matter by fouled scallops in April and June was 5.52Lh-1±0.818Lh-1 and 3.07Lh-1±0.971 Lh-1,respectively; the corresponding results for cleaned scallops are 2.49Lh-1 ±0.614Lh-1 and 2.37± 1.214Lh-1, respectively. Fouling increased ammonia release significantly. The ammonia release rate of fouled scallops was 33.81Lh-1±7.699Lh-1 and 76.39Lh-1 ±9.251Lh-1 in April and June, while cleaned scallops released 2.46Lh-1± 0.5 1 1Lh-1 and 7.23Lh-1± 1.026Lh-1 ammonia, respectively. Phosphate release of fouled scallops was 22.72Lh-1 ± 9.978 Lh-1 in June and cleaned scallops released phosphate 6.01Lh-1 ±0.876 Lh-1 in April. Therefore, fouling contributed much to food reduction and concentration increase of ammonia and phosphate in water.  相似文献   

乡村地域多体系统识别方法及应用研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李琳娜  璩路路  刘彦随 《地理研究》2019,38(3):563-577

乡村与城市相互依赖、相互补充,共同构成了城乡人地关系地域系统。针对我国目前城乡发展面临的诸多挑战,着眼于乡村振兴战略需求和地理学服务国家战略的需要,亟需构建乡村多体系统的识别方法体系,加快城乡基础网、乡村发展区、村镇空间场、乡村振兴极等多级目标体系建设。本文依托城乡融合系统和乡村地域系统理论,尝试构建城乡融合体、乡村综合体、村镇有机体、居业协同体乡村地域多体系统的识别方法体系。其中,城乡融合系统指标体系涵盖经济发展、社会发展、环境发展、基础设施4个方面,乡村地域系统指标体系涵盖人口、社会、经济、资源、环境5个子系统。进一步通过均方差决策法、多目标加权求和模型、耦合协调模型等研究方法,识别出城乡融合体、乡村综合体、村镇有机体和居业协同体。以宁夏盐池县为案例区,实证研究表明,分析结果基本能反映不同乡镇、行政村的发展特征和定位。区别于以往研究侧重城镇体系等级结构,本研究提供了乡村地域系统内部等级差异的识别方法,对县域乡村振兴规划实践具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。  相似文献   

A prokaryotic mycoplasma-like organism infection in the scallop Argopecten irradians     

ZHANG Weizhu  WU Xinzhong  SUN Jingfeng  LI Dengfeng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2007,26(2):150-156

Intracytoplasmic infection with a prokaryotic mycoplasma-like organism (MLO) were characterized in the scallop Argopecten irradians, and the first report of such infection in this scallop was represented. Ultrastructurally these microorganisms are usually pleomorphic and variable in morphology and size, and appear in several cell types such as small spherical body, rod-shaped bodies and longer filament-shaped body. They lack a cell wall. These observations revealed that these types of the prokaryote showed some characteristics of a mycoplasma-like organism (MLO). MLO reproduced in two ways: binary fission and budding. The results of isolation and purification showed that a large number of MLOs existed in the tissues of diseased scallops. The results of experimental infection revealed that the MLO is pathogenic to the scallop Argopecten irradians.  相似文献   

杂色鲍碱性磷酸酶在醇、醛和酮溶液中的失活作用     

陈巧  洪燕飞  廖金花  庄总来  陈清西 《台湾海峡》2005,24(4):469-473

报道了杂色鲍碱性磷酸酶(ALP)在甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、甲醛、丙酮等溶液中的失 活动力学．结果表明:酶的剩余活力随着有机溶剂浓度的增大而迅速下降．测得上述 5种有机溶剂对该酶的半抑制率(IC50)分别为5．41、3．07、1．80、31．0×10-3、2．30 mol／dm3．在这些有机溶剂溶液中酶的失活过程都是可逆反应．检测醇、醛、酮对该酶 的失活作用机理,结果表明甲醇、乙醇、丙醇对杂色鲍ALP的失活作用均为非竞争性 机制,其抑制常数分别为5．36、3．02、1．80mol／dm3．甲醛、丙酮对杂色鲍ALP的失活 作用都呈现为混合型抑制,其对游离酶的抑制常数(K1)分别为24．7×10-3、1．66 mol／dm3;对酶-底物络合物的抑制常数(KIS)分别为56．2×10-3、5．40mol／dm3．  相似文献